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Multidimensional trajectory planning algorithm for a 5D printer slicer 

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The article presents a trajectory planning algorithm for a 5D printer to solve problems that arise in traditional 3D printing. Standard 3D printing methods using layer-by-layer material deposition lead to anisotropy of mechanical properties, where the object strength depends on the direction of the layer application. This limits the ability to create isotropic- strength parts, especially those with complex geometry. The goal of the study is to develop an algorithm that enables uniform distribution of the mechanical properties of the object by optimizing the printing trajectories. The proposed algorithm is based on constructing trajectories using spherical spiral layers. The algorithm considers changing printing parameters, such as layer height and line thickness, and adapts to various geometric shapes of the object. A key feature is ensuring isotropy of the part properties by evenly distributing the material along the trajectories. The algorithm also includes the construction of normals at each point of the curve to accurately direct the movement of the printing head. This approach avoids the standard limitations typical of 3D printing. The algorithm was tested on various models, including simple and complex geometric shapes with high curvature. During computer modeling, experiments were conducted with different layer heights and line thicknesses, which allowed for the assessment of the influence of these parameters. The algorithm demonstrated high convergence under various input conditions, ensuring accurate trajectory execution regardless of initial parameters. The trajectories and normals were visualized, confirming the correct print direction and even material deposition. For further work convenience, an intermediate trajectory representation format was developed which is easily converted into G-codes. This allows data to be prepared for future physical experiments that will be conducted to assess the algorithm effectiveness in real printing conditions. The multidimensional trajectory planning algorithm opens up new possibilities for additive manufacturing, enabling the creation of complex objects with improved mechanical properties without the need for additional supports. The practical significance of the algorithm lies in its application in areas, such as aerospace, automotive, and medicine, where both complex geometric shapes and high part strength are important. Further research may focus on expanding the algorithm capabilities to work with various materials and adjusting printing parameters to improve the performance and quality of printed parts.

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