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Problems of efficiency of enterprises of the shipbuilding complex of modern Russia

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In the context of innovative economic development, the issues of sustainable growth and strategic efficiency of enterprises are becoming one of the most important. Shipbuilding has always been one of the basic, strategically important sectors of the Russian economy, which has a great scientific, technical, and production potential, and is able to influence the development of a number of other industries. Before the collapse of the USSR, the country was one of the leading shipbuilding powers and had strategic competitive advantages in such areas as nuclear shipbuilding, the construction of ships and hydrofoils and hovercraft, and others. Now, the Russian shipbuilding industry is experiencing a whole range of systemic problems that are caused by both external and internal subjective and objective factors. Based on the analysis of individual profitability indicators, the article shows the inefficiency of the industry's enterprises, especially in the field of civil shipbuilding. One of the key reasons for the low profitability and unprofitability of enterprises is the lack of state regulation, modern legal and regulatory framework for pricing mechanisms for the construction of sea and river vessels. The inconsistency of the existing regulatory, methodological and legal framework, which does not take into account the specifics of shipbuilding, such as a long construction cycle, low serial production, and the lack of modern standards for calculating labor intensity, do not allow enterprises to accurately calculate costs and justify them to the customer at the stage of agreeing on the price and terms of the contract. As a result, during the construction of ships, customers and shipbuilding companies are forced to postpone deadlines, revise the amount of funding, and often, if the price is "firm", incur losses. The theory and methodology of pricing, despite their huge role in the economy of the enterprise and significant attention to it in the scientific and methodological literature, does not make it possible to solve all the problems of shipbuilding, which is primarily associated with the specifics of shipbuilding, as well as with some overregulation and backwardness of the enterprise management functionality. The authors carried out a systematization of problems, their causes and possible directions for solving pricing problems. At the same time, the significant role of state regulation is emphasized.

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