The process of modifying cattle meat and bone raw materials by high-temperature hydrolysis
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The process of modifying meat and bone raw materials by hydrolysis method under the influence of high temperatures (140°C) and high pressure in the aquatic environment (0.62 MPa) was studied in order to extract valuable protein, fat, and mineral substances. The experiments were carried out in a high pressure autoclave with a stirrer at controlled temperature and pressure inside the reactor and in the outer jacket. Assessment of the quality, composition of raw materials, and hydrolysis products was carried out by standard and generally accepted physicochemical methods. The general chemical composition of raw materials and hydrolysates (protein, lipid, and mineral-protein fractions), the mass yield of semi-finished products (wet protein and mineral-protein fractions) and dried products (additives) are established. Protein fractions were dried in a freeze dryer at the condenser temperature of minus 55°C. The mineral-protein fraction was dried by convection at 105°C. The technological scheme and the operational material balances of thermohydrolysis are developed. It was determined that from 100 kg of meat and bone beef raw materials, 4.72 kg of freeze-dried low molecular weight protein hydrolyzate containing 94.3% protein, 2.5% minerals, and 0.63% fat can be obtained. An additional product is a dry mineral protein composition in an amount of 13.12 kg, containing 82.9% of minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and 13.71% of insoluble protein. Additionally, 5.05 kg of bone fat is obtained. Meat and bone raw material modification products are recommended for use as food and feed additives, as part of biologically active food additives of osteotropic and herodietic orientation, microbiological media, aquaculture feed, and fat compositions.
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