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Estimation of transport security in the North-Western Federal District

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Transport security is one of the most important factors in the connectivity of the economic space of the country and its regions. This factor is of particular importance for regions with developed recreational activities, as well as leading an active foreign trade. Nevertheless, in the Russian regions, the level of transport accessibility is definitely lower than in a number of other foreign countries. The purpose of this work is to assess the transport security of the regions of the North-Western Federal District and compare them with similar indicators of the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland and Norway). The basis of valuation techniques have made the following parameters: the density of Railways per 1000 km2; density of Railways per 10,000 population; transport mobility of the population; the coefficients Char, Engel and Uspensky. The conducted assessment of the transport security of the regions of the North-Western Federal District allowed us to conclude that their low transport security, the main reason for which was the insufficient financing of the transport sector. In Northern Europe, financing is carried out at the expense of higher taxes, the amount of which is determined not only by the tax rate itself, but also by the size of transportation tariffs (2 times more than in Russia). In addition, in addition to the quantitative assessment of the length, qualitative aspects were identified that affect transport accessibility: first, only 38% of the country's road transport routes meet regulatory requirements; secondly, only one third of the roads have a hard surface, which restricts transport mobility in certain seasons and weather conditions, and thirdly, a large wear and tear of the transport infrastructure.

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