USING COUPLED MODE THEORY TO MODEL INTERMODE COUPLINGS IN CURVED WAVEGUIDES BASED ON THIN-FILM LITHIUM NIOBATE
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Thin-film lithium niobate, due to its unique properties and the possibility of manufacturing high-contrast waveguides based on it, is a promising material for the production of high-speed photonic integrated circuits with a large number of elements per chip. However, the process of designing and modeling elements of such circuits on thin-film lithium niobate is complicated by the presence of anisotropy. For example, on the X-cut of lithium niobate, the influence of anisotropy will manifest itself in a change in the mode propagation constant, as well as in the transfer of power between modes during the propagation of radiation in the plane of the plate. The coupling between fundamental TE and TM modes in curved single-mode waveguides on the X-cut of thin-film lithium niobate is considered. The intermode coupling is analyzed using the coupled-mode theory. The coupling coefficient is calculated using the formulas corresponding to the cases of arbitrary and small anisotropy. It is shown that if only the influence of the crystal anisotropy is considered, then the calculation of the coupling coefficients using the formulas for arbitrary and small anisotropy gives similar results. The volume of the transferred power between the fundamental TE and TM modes is determined by solving the coupled-mode equations taking into account the radius of curvature, the angle of rotation of the waveguide, and the coupling coefficient.
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